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Jiggle television
Jiggle television is a term coined by NBC executive Paul Klein to criticize American Broadcasting Company's television production and marketing strategy under Fred Silverman.〔 Klein referred to ABC's programs as "porn" in order to tap into the 1970s moral panic and anxiety over the spread of pornography,〔 using the neologism to describe the use of female television celebrities moving in loose clothing or underwear in a way in which their breasts or buttocks could be seen to move, or "jiggle." 〔Fifty Years Among the New Words: A Dictionary of Neologisms, 1941-1991. John Algeo. Cambridge University Press, 30 Jul 1993〕 An American invention,〔 it was used to refer to programs such as ''Charlie's Angels'',〔Violent Femmes: Women As Spies in Popular Culture. Rosie White. Taylor & Francis, 11 Dec 2007〕 ''Wonder Woman'', ''The Bionic Woman'' and ''Three's Company'' 〔Censoring Sex: A Historical Journey Through American Media. John E. Semonche, Rowman & Littlefield, 15 Aug 2007〕 which used the sexuality of young women as appeal to their audiences.〔Wallowing in Sex: The New Sexual Culture of 1970s American television. Elana Levine. Duke University Press, 19 Dec 2006〕 The programs plots were often sexist, full of innuendo and suggestive language, and unrealistic in nature.〔Perspectives on Radio and Television: Telecommunication in the United States. F. Leslie Smith, John W. Wright (II.), David H. Ostroff. Routledge, 1 Aug 1998〕 Producers of such series would make sure that its lead female actors would appear in a bikini, bathing suit, négligée, underwear, or naked under a towel, in each show.〔Female Action Heroes: A Guide to Women in Comics, Video Games, Film, and Television. Gladys L. Knight. ABC-CLIO, 8 Jun 2010〕
At the time, the ABC target audience was 18 to 35 years old.〔Programming for TV, Radio, and the Internet: Strategy, Development, and Evaluation. Philippe Perebinossoff, Brian Gross, Lynne S. Gross. Elsevier, 24 Feb 2005〕 Jiggle was also called " "Tits & Ass Television" or "T&A" for short 〔The Gatekeeper: My Thirty Years as TV Censor. Alfred R. Schneider, Kaye Pullen. Syracuse University Press, 1 May 2001〕 and in the 1970s the amount of sex on television increased, as did its ratings,〔 creating social controversies and consequences.〔Condom Nation: The U.S. Government's Sex Education Campaign from World War I to the Internet. Alexandra M. Lord. JHU Press, 23 Nov 2009〕
==Jiggle TV shows==
The term has been used to describe the dramatic television series of Aaron Spelling such as ''Honey West'', ''The Love Boat'', ''Fantasy Island'', ''Beverly Hills 90210'', ''Melrose Place'', ''Charmed'', and others.〔Jiggle Tv: Charlie's Angels and Aaron Spelling's Television Legacy. Courtney Hutton. BiblioBazaar, 2010. ISBN 1240062885.〕 Jiggle TV is seen as trashy and escapist entertainment.〔Television Everywhere: How Hollywood Can Take Back the Internet and Turn Digital Dimes Into Dollars. Andrei Jezierski. i2 Partners LLC, 12 Oct 2010〕 Programs or female performers are often judged by their "jiggle factor"〔America's Favorite Radio Station: Wkrp in Cincinnati. Michael B. Kassel. Popular Press, 15 Jun 1993〕 and many, such as Pamela Anderson 〔Points of View. Rex Murphy. McClelland & Stewart, 23 Sep 2003〕 had their bodies surgically modified to increase it. The term Jiggle-o is used to describe a character which uses jiggle factor and "jiggle syndrome" is used to discuss the phenomenon as a whole.〔
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